Pipe fitting models are typically named according to their shape, function, and manufacturing standards. For example, elbows are classified based on their bending angle, such as 45°, 90°, and 180°; tees are classified according to the number and angle of branch pipes. In addition, there are reducers, used to connect pipes of different diameters to adjust flow rates or transition between systems. Flanges, as important components in pipe connections, are distinguished by their connection method (e.g., slip-on flanges, weld neck flanges), sealing surface type (e.g., raised face, recessed face), and pressure rating.
